有效的肿瘤预后指标有利于针对不同病例选择合理的个性化治疗方案，防止过度治疗和不恰当治疗。目前临床普遍采用AJCC/UICC的TNM分期系统，按照原发病灶的病理特征将患者分为四期。越来越多的临床资料显示，在相同TNM分期患者的术后生存周期存在明显差异。最近，国际学者在结直肠癌中提出用免疫评分技术来关注肿瘤的组织免疫特性并进行数字病理学计分，以此来预测患者的生存周期，是一个重要的肿瘤免疫病理学进展，也为预判患者是否具有“预存免疫力”及其是否适合进行个体化肿瘤免疫治疗提供依据。本文将就近年来免疫评分系统的发展过程、应用前景和未来发展进行逐一讨论。

Cancer is a major and common public health problem worldwide. Effective prognostic indicators are beneficial in developing personalized therapeutic treatment specific to each individual case, preventing inappropriate and excessive therapies. At present, clinical predictions are primarily based on histopathological evaluations of the primary tumor tissues obtained during surgery, such as the TNM staging system. However, compiling evidence has emerged to suggest that patients in the same TNM stage may exhibit significantly distinct survival after surgery. Recently, scholars around the world have come to a consensus that immunoscore, as a means of statistically and pathologically quantitating the regional immune status around the tumor, may provide better predictions of the survival in colorectal cancer patients. As an important progress in tumor immunopathology, immunoscore provides the basis for determining the “pre-stored immunity” and suitability in receiving personalized immunotherapy in cancer patients. Herein, we will outline the development history and discuss prospective applications, and future directions of this promising prognostic indicator in oncology.

国家自然科学基金资助项目（No. 91029303，No. 31390433，No. 81302599）；中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助（No. WK2070000038）。