[摘 要] 肿瘤免疫治疗的临床获益仍受限于患者应答不足及耐药。肿瘤靶向性复制溶瘤病毒（TOV）可作为免疫治疗的“启动 剂”与“催化剂”，将“冷肿瘤”转化为“热肿瘤”，安全性可控，耐受性好。本文系统综述TOV的作用机制、临床进展、关键挑战及潜 在解决方法。重点探讨宿主免疫系统对TOV的影响、新型高效TOV平台研发、TOV静脉给药策略、具有临床预测价值的临床前 动物模型选择，以及联合治疗时序优化与未来发展方向。推动TOV成为肿瘤免疫治疗中具有协同和催化作用的重要平台，为提 升实体瘤免疫治疗应答与长期疗效提供新策略。

[Abstract] The clinical benefits of tumor immunotherapy are still limited by non-responses or resistance of cancer patients. Tumortargeted replicating oncolytic viruses (TOV) can act as "initiators" and "catalysts" for immunotherapy, converting "cold" tumors into "hot" tumors, with controllable safety and good tolerance. This article systematically reviews the mechanism, clinical progress, and key challenges of TOV and possible solutions to overcome the challenges, focusing on discussing the impact of the host immune system on TOV, the development of more effective TOV platforms, strategies for efficient intravenous administration of TOV, the choice of preclinical animal evaluation models with better clinical predictive value, the optimization of treatment scheduling of combination therapy and directions for future development. This review discusses the potential of TOV as a pivotal synergistic and catalytic platform in cancer immunotherapy, proposing novel strategies to enhance immune responses and achieve long-term efficacy against solid tumors.

[基金项目] 国家自然科学基金（82403870）；空军特 缓解的报道，20世纪初，科学家尝试采用各种野生型 色医学中心快速响应课题（2024ZXKXKT039）