[摘 要] 结直肠癌（CRC）是全球发病率和病死率均居前列的恶性肿瘤。除肠道微生物失衡外，近年研究证据表明口腔微生物亦在CRC发生发展中发挥关键作用。特定口腔微生物可经“口-肠”轴迁移至肠道及肿瘤组织，通过黏附定植、激活致癌信号通路、增强肿瘤细胞侵袭与迁移能力及重塑肿瘤微环境等机制促进肿瘤进展，并可能影响抗肿瘤治疗应答。这些发现提示口腔微生物在CRC临床治疗中具有潜在的应用价值。本文系统梳理口腔微生物参与CRC疾病进程的分子机制，重点阐述靶向“口-肠”轴的微生物干预策略，剖析现有研究的局限性并展望发展方向，以期为该领域的基础研究与临床转化提供参考。

[Abstract] Colorectal cancer (CRC), a malignant tumor, is a leading cause of cancer-related morbidity and mortality worldwide. Accumulating evidence suggests that CRC occurrence and development are closely associated not only with intestinal microbiota dysbiosis, but also with oral microbiota. Specific oral microbes can translocate via the oral-gut axis to colonize the intestinal tract and distant tumor sites. Through mechanisms such as adhesion and colonization, activation of oncogenic signaling pathways, enhancement of tumor cell migration and invasion, and remodeling of the tumor microenvironment, these microbes promote tumor progression and may influence responses to anticancer therapies. These findings highlight the potential of targeting oral microbiota in CRC clinical management. This review systematically summarizes the molecular mechanisms by which oral microbiota contributes to CRC pathogenesis, with a particular focus on microbial intervention strategies that target the oral-gut axis. This review also discusses current research limitations and future directions, aiming to provide a reference for both basic research and clinical translation in this field.

国家自然科学基金（82505494）；成都市卫生健康委员会 成都中医药大学委校联合创新基金（WXLH202403144）