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Archive > Volume 32 Issue 6 > 2025,32(6):559-569. DOI:10.3872/j.issn.1007-385X.2025.06.001 Prev Next
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Design of CAR-T cells targeting solid tumors: strategies for enhancing safety and universality
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Abstract:
[Abstract] Chimeric antigen receptor gene-modified T (CAR-T) cell therapy represents an immunotherapeutic approach wherein autologous T cells are genetically engineered ex vivo to express specific chimeric antigen receptors (CARs), expanded, and reinfused into patients to specifically recognize and eliminate tumor cells. Despite substantial efficacy in hematological malignancies, CAR-T cell therapy encounters significant barriers in solid tumors. Immune-related adverse events (irAEs), including cytokine release syndrome (CRS), compromise safety profiles, while tumor-associated antigen (TAA) heterogeneity restricts both single-target CAR-T cell applicability and universal CAR-T cell development. Consequently, breakthrough refinements remain essential for clinical translation in solid tumors. This review examines CAR-T cell therapy for solid tumors, critically evaluating safety and universality enhancement strategies through three core approaches: structural CAR design optimization, universal immune receptor retargeting, and antigen universality augmentation. Each approach undergoes systematic analysis of research pathways, advantages, and limitations, with future trajectories delineated. By synthesizing advances in safety and universal design paradigms, the review aims to establish innovative frameworks for CAR-T cell therapeutic development in solid tumor therapeutics.
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