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Archive > Volume 33 Issue 8 > 2026,33(8):811-821. DOI:10.3872/j.issn.1007-385X.2026.08.001 Prev Next
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From enumeration to molecular subtyping: nanopeptide-based circulating tumor cell (CTC) detection for precision cancer biotherapy
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Abstract:
Circulating tumor cells (CTCs), regarded as the “seed cells” of tumor metastasis, are closely associated with tumor progression, therapeutic response, and patient prognosis through changes in their abundance, molecular phenotypes, and functional states. With the development of precision oncology, CTC detection has gradually evolved from simple enumeration toward molecular subtyping and therapeutic decision support. In recent years, nanopeptide-based CTC enrichment and subtyping platforms have emerged as promising liquid biopsy technologies. By integrating peptide-functionalized magnetic nanobead-mediated enrichment with multidimensional molecular profiling, these platforms can improve the capture of rare CTCs and provide a cellular basis for therapeutic target detection, treatment monitoring, and early warning of drug resistance. The nanopeptide-based CTC detection technology developed by the National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, China (NCNST) has established a clinically accessible detection system with high sensitivity and specificity, promoting the transition of CTC detection from “quantitative assessment” to a 2.0 era centered on molecular subtyping and treatment decision support. This review focuses on the core principles, key technological breakthroughs, and clinical translational value of nanopeptide-based CTC detection platforms in precision cancer biotherapy, and discusses the challenges related to standardization, cost control, level of clinical evidence, and translation into companion diagnostics, to provide a reference for optimizing precision biotherapeutic strategies in oncology.
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